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This article presents some basic techniques for creating Windows batch files and UNIX/Linux shell scripts that connect to SQL*Plus and RMAN.
Windows
To run a SQL script using SQL*Plus, place the SQL along with any SQL*Plus commands in a file and save it on your operating system. For example, save the following script in a file called 'C:emp.sql'.
Next, create a batch file called 'C:get_emp.bat' containing the following command.
The resulting batch file can be run manually, by double-clicking on it, or scheduled using the Scheduled Tasks Wizard (Start > Programs > Accessories > System Tools > Scheduled Tasks) or the AT scheduler.
The method is very similar when using Recovery Manager (RMAN). As an example, place the following RMAN commands in a file called 'C:cmdfile.txt'.
Next create a batch file called 'C:backup.bat' containing the following command.
This command can include a
catalog=
entry if a recovery catalog is used. Once again, resulting batch file can be run manually or scheduled.Powershell
Powershell allows file redirection similar to UNIX/Linux shell scripting, so we can do something like the following for SQL*Plus.
The following example works for RMAN.
UNIX and Linux (Method 1)
The previous methods works equally well in UNIX and Linux environments. For example, save the following script in a file called '/u01/emp.sql'.
Next, create a shell script called '/u01/get_emp.ksh' containing the following lines.
The following command makes the file executable for the file owner.
![Table Plus Linux Table Plus Linux](https://tableplus.com/resources/images/edit-inline-linux.png)
The resulting shell script can be run manually from the command line, or scheduled using CRON.
For RMAN, place the following RMAN commands in a file called '/u01/cmdfile.txt'.
Next create a batch file called '/u01/backup.ksh' containing the following lines.
This command can include a
catalog=
entry if a recovery catalog is used. Once again, resulting shell script must be made executable using the following command.The shell script is now ready to run.
UNIX and Linux (Method 2)
UNIX and Linux environments also allow the SQL*Plus and RMAN commands to be piped directly from the command line. For example, save the following commands in a file called '/u01/get_emp.ksh'.
Notice the '<< EOF' and 'EOF' tags, indicating the start and end of the command being piped into the SQL*Plus executable. The shell script is made executable using the following command.
The shell script is ready to be run manually from the command line or scheduled using CRON.
The following example shows how RMAN can use the same method. Create a file called '/u01/backup.ksh' with the following contents.
Once again, the script can be made executable using the following command.
The shell script is now ready to run.
UNIX and Linux (Returning values from SQL)
The following code show a script to pull the output of a query into a shell script variable.
If you are returning a single value, this method works well. If you are returning multiple rows of multiple columns it gets a bit messy and forces you to parse the return value.
Checking the Database is Up
It is sometimes necessary to check the database is up before performing a task. In the following example, we check the database is up before starting a Tomcat application server. If the database is down, the script sleeps for 5 minutes, then checks again.
The script requires an Oracle Client to make connections to the database. This could be a full client installation, or an Oracle Instant Client installation.
Create a script called 'check_db.sh' will the following contents. This is the script that will check if the database is up or not.
![Table Plus Linux Table Plus Linux](https://tableplus.com/resources/images/open-anything@2x.png)
Next, create a script called 'tomcat_start_dev.sh' with the following contents.
This sources the 'check_db.sh' script, so it is included as if it were part of this script. It could be combined, but this allows the 'check_db.sh' script to be shared by multiple scripts. The 'tomcat_start_dev.sh' script loops round, checking to see if the DB is up. Once it is up, it falls through to the Tomcat start command.
For more information see:
Hope this helps. Regards Tim..
To create a new table in your schema, you must have the
CREATE TABLE
system privilege. To create a table in another user's schema, you must have the CREATE ANY TABLE
system privilege. Additionally, the owner of the table must have a quota for the tablespace that contains the table, or the UNLIMITED TABLESPACE
system privilege.Create tables using the SQL statement
CREATE TABLE
.This section contains the following topics:
- See Also:Oracle Database SQL Language Reference for exact syntax of the
CREATE TABLE
and other SQL statements discussed in this chapter
Example: Creating a Table
When you issue the following statement, you create a table named
admin_emp
in the hr
schema and store it in the admin_tbs
tablespace:Note the following about this example:
- Integrity constraints are defined on several columns of the table.
- The
STORAGE
clause specifies the size of the first extent. See Oracle Database SQL Language Reference for details on this clause. - Encryption is defined on one column (
ssn
), through the transparent data encryption feature of Oracle Database. The Oracle Wallet must therefore be open for thisCREATE
TABLE
statement to succeed. - The
photo
column is of data typeBLOB
, which is a member of the set of data types called large objects (LOBs). LOBs are used to store semi-structured data (such as an XML tree) and unstructured data (such as the stream of bits in a color image). - One column is defined as a virtual column (
hrly_rate
). This column computes the employee's hourly rate as the yearly salary divided by 2,080. See Oracle Database SQL Language Reference for a discussion of rules for virtual columns. - A
COMMENT
statement is used to store a comment for the table. You query the*_TAB_COMMENTS
data dictionary views to retrieve such comments. See Oracle Database SQL Language Reference for more information.
Table Plus Linux
See Also:
- Oracle Database SQL Language Reference for a description of the datatypes that you can specify for table columns
- Oracle Database Advanced Security Administrator's Guide for information about transparent data encryption and the Oracle Wallet
- Oracle Database SecureFiles and Large Objects Developer's Guide for more information about LOBs.
Creating a Temporary Table
Temporary tables are useful in applications where a result set is to be buffered (temporarily persisted), perhaps because it is constructed by running multiple DML operations. For example, consider the following:
A Web-based airlines reservations application allows a customer to create several optional itineraries. Each itinerary is represented by a row in a temporary table. The application updates the rows to reflect changes in the itineraries. When the customer decides which itinerary she wants to use, the application moves the row for that itinerary to a persistent table.
During the session, the itinerary data is private. At the end of the session, the optional itineraries are dropped.
The definition of a temporary table is visible to all sessions, but the data in a temporary table is visible only to the session that inserts the data into the table.
Use the
CREATE GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE
statement to create a temporary table. The ON COMMIT
clause indicates if the data in the table is transaction-specific (the default) or session-specific, the implications of which are as follows:ON COMMIT Setting | Implications |
---|---|
DELETE ROWS | This creates a temporary table that is transaction specific. A session becomes bound to the temporary table with a transactions first insert into the table. The binding goes away at the end of the transaction. The database truncates the table (delete all rows) after each commit. |
PRESERVE ROWS | This creates a temporary table that is session specific. A session gets bound to the temporary table with the first insert into the table in the session. This binding goes away at the end of the session or by issuing a TRUNCATE of the table in the session. The database truncates the table when you terminate the session. |
This statement creates a temporary table that is transaction specific:
Indexes can be created on temporary tables. They are also temporary and the data in the index has the same session or transaction scope as the data in the underlying table.
By default, rows in a temporary table are stored in the default temporary tablespace of the user who creates it. However, you can assign a temporary table to another tablespace upon creation of the temporary table by using the
TABLESPACE
clause of CREATE GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE
. You can use this feature to conserve space used by temporary tables. For example, if you need to perform many small temporary table operations and the default temporary tablespace is configured for sort operations and thus uses a large extent size, these small operations will consume lots of unnecessary disk space. In this case it is better to allocate a second temporary tablespace with a smaller extent size.The following two statements create a temporary tablespace with a 64 KB extent size, and then a new temporary table in that tablespace.
Unlike permanent tables, temporary tables and their indexes do not automatically allocate a segment when they are created. Instead, segments are allocated when the first
INSERT
(or CREATE
TABLE
AS
SELECT
) is performed. This means that if a SELECT
, UPDATE
, or DELETE
is performed before the first INSERT
, the table appears to be empty.DDL operations (except
TRUNCATE
) are allowed on an existing temporary table only if no session is currently bound to that temporary table.If you rollback a transaction, the data you entered is lost, although the table definition persists.
A transaction-specific temporary table allows only one transaction at a time. If there are several autonomous transactions in a single transaction scope, each autonomous transaction can use the table only as soon as the previous one commits.
Because the data in a temporary table is, by definition, temporary, backup and recovery of temporary table data is not available in the event of a system failure. To prepare for such a failure, you should develop alternative methods for preserving temporary table data.
Parallelizing Table Creation
When you specify the
AS SELECT
clause to create a table and populate it with data from another table, you can utilize parallel execution. The CREATE TABLE..AS SELECT
statement contains two parts: a CREATE
part (DDL) and a SELECT
part (query). Oracle Database can parallelize both parts of the statement. The CREATE
part is parallelized if one of the following is true:- Itools pro 1 0 11 download free. A
PARALLEL
clause is included in theCREATE TABLE..AS SELECT
statement - An
ALTER SESSION FORCE PARALLEL DDL
statement is specified
The query part is parallelized if all of the following are true:
- The query includes a parallel hint specification (
PARALLEL
orPARALLEL_INDEX
) or theCREATE
part includes thePARALLEL
clause or the schema objects referred to in the query have aPARALLEL
declaration associated with them. - At least one of the tables specified in the query requires either a full table scan or an index range scan spanning multiple partitions.
If you parallelize the creation of a table, that table then has a parallel declaration (the
PARALLEL
clause) associated with it. Any subsequent DML or queries on the table, for which parallelization is possible, will attempt to use parallel execution.The following simple statement parallelizes the creation of a table and stores the result in a compressed format, using table compression:
In this case, the
PARALLEL
clause tells the database to select an optimum number of parallel execution servers when creating the table.Table Plus Linux Tutorial
Pro disk cleaner 1 4 sds. See Also:
- Oracle Database Data Warehousing Guide for a detailed discussion about using parallel execution